Which option is NOT a standard component of urinalysis?

• A. Physical
• B. Physical, Chemical, Microscopic
• C. Chemical
• D. Genetic analysis

Answer: (D)

Urinalysis is built around three main evaluative areas: how the urine looks and feels (physical), what chemicals are present (chemical), and what microscopic elements are in the sediment (microscopic). The physical portion checks color, clarity, odor, and volume. The chemical portion tests for things like pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrites, and leukocyte esterase. The microscopic portion looks for cells, crystals, bacteria, casts, and other formed elements in the sediment. Genetic analysis does not belong in this routine set; it involves examining DNA or genetic mutations and requires specialized molecular testing, which is not part of standard urinalysis. So, genetic analysis is not a standard component of urinalysis.